Bilgi Sosyolojisi ve Hermeneutik: Bilginin Yorumu ve Anlamı
Bilgi Sosyolojisi ve Hermeneutik: Bilginin Yorumu ve AnlamÄ
Bilgi sosyolojisi, bilginin sosyal koÅullarÄnÄ ve etkilerini inceleyen bir sosyoloji dalÄdÄr. Hermeneutik ise metinleri, sÃylemleri ve sembolleri anlamlandÄrmak iÃin kullanÄlan bir yorumlama yÃntemidir. Bu iki kavram arasÄnda nasÄl bir iliÅki vardÄr? Bilgi sosyolojisi ve hermeneutik, bilginin doÄasÄ, kaynaÄÄ ve deÄeri hakkÄnda farklÄ bakÄÅ aÃÄlarÄ sunarlar.
bilgi sosyolojisi ve hermeneutik pdf 14
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Bilgi sosyolojisi, bilginin toplumsal bir olgu olduÄunu ve bilimsel hakikatin mutlak olmadÄÄÄnÄ savunur. Bilginin Ãretimi, daÄÄtÄmÄ ve kullanÄmÄ, tarihsel, kÃltÃrel ve siyasal faktÃrlere baÄlÄdÄr. Bu nedenle, bilgi sosyolojisi, bilginin ideolojik boyutunu ve iktidar iliÅkilerini ortaya ÃÄkarmaya ÃalÄÅÄr. Bilgi sosyolojisi, hermeneutik bir yÃntem olarak da tanÄmlanabilir. ÃÃnkà bu sosyoloji, sosyal bilimlerin, bilimsel hakikat arayÄÅÄyla deÄil, sosyal anlamÄn yorumuyla meÅgul olduklarÄ kabulÃnà temsil eder[^4^] [^5^].
Hermeneutik ise bilginin yorumlanmasÄ ve anlaÅÄlmasÄ iÃin gerekli olan kurallarÄ ve ilkeleri belirleyen bir felsefi disiplindir. Hermeneutik, metinlerin veya sembollerin iÃinde bulunduklarÄ baÄlama gÃre anlam kazandÄÄÄnÄ ve yazarÄn veya Ãreticinin niyetinden baÄÄmsÄz olduÄunu ileri sÃrer. Hermeneutik, bilginin nesnel olmadÄÄÄnÄ, ancak yorumlayÄcÄnÄn ÃnyargÄlarÄna, beklentilerine ve deneyimlerine gÃre ÅekillendiÄini iddia eder. Hermeneutik, bilgi sosyolojisi ile yakÄndan iliÅkilidir. ÃÃnkà hermeneutik de bilginin toplumsal bir olgu olduÄunu ve farklÄ yorumlara aÃÄk olduÄunu kabul eder[^4^] [^7^].
Bu makalede, bilgi sosyolojisi ve hermeneutik arasÄndaki iliÅkiyi daha ayrÄntÄlÄ olarak ele alacaÄÄz. Ãncelikle, bu iki kavramÄn tarihsel kÃkenlerini ve geliÅimlerini inceleyeceÄiz. Sonra, bilgi sosyolojisi ve hermeneutik arasÄndaki benzerlikleri ve farklÄlÄklarÄ karÅÄlaÅtÄracaÄÄz. Son olarak, bu iki disiplinin gÃnÃmÃzdeki Ãnemini ve uygulama alanlarÄnÄ tartÄÅacaÄÄz.The history of sociology of knowledge can be traced back to the Enlightenment period, when some thinkers began to apply the scientific method to the study of society and its values. For example, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau criticized the existing social order and advocated for rationality, freedom, and democracy. They also examined how different cultures and religions influenced human thought and behavior. However, they did not develop a systematic theory of how knowledge is socially constructed and shaped by interests and power relations. [^1^]
The first sociologist who explicitly used the term "sociology of knowledge" was Max Scheler, a German philosopher who wrote extensively on the topic in the 1920s. Scheler argued that knowledge is not a neutral reflection of reality, but a product of human values and emotions. He distinguished between different types of knowledge, such as religious, artistic, scientific, and common sense knowledge, and analyzed how they are influenced by social factors such as class, race, gender, and culture. Scheler also criticized the positivist approach to sociology, which claimed that social facts can be objectively measured and explained by natural laws. He advocated for a phenomenological approach, which focused on the subjective meanings and interpretations of social actors.
The most influential figure in the sociology of knowledge was Karl Mannheim, a Hungarian-born sociologist who taught in Germany and later in England. Mannheim developed a comprehensive theory of how knowledge is related to social groups and historical contexts. He argued that all knowledge is "situated" and "perspectival", meaning that it depends on the position and perspective of the knower. He also introduced the concept of "ideology", which he defined as a system of ideas that serves the interests of a dominant social group and conceals the contradictions and conflicts in society. Mannheim distinguished between "total" and "particular" ideologies, which correspond to utopian and conservative worldviews respectively. He also proposed the idea of "free-floating intellectuals", who are able to transcend their social backgrounds and critically examine different ideologies. Mannheim's work was influential in various fields of sociology, such as culture, education, politics, and social movements. 0efd9a6b88
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